Astersteroids

  1. Tesamorelin is derived from GHRH and promotes the release of GH and IGF-1
    Tesamorelin, a synthetic form of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), was approved by the FDA in 2010 for the treatment of HIV-related disorders of fat metabolism.

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    Tesamorelin
    By Astersteroids il 14 Nov. 2023
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    Tesamorelin, a synthetic form of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), was approved by the FDA in 2010 for the treatment of HIV-related disorders of fat metabolism. Because it's approved for reducing belly fat in HIV patients, would we think it could be used for fat loss? And because it has the effect of GHRH, would we assume that it helps to raise GH and IGF-1 levels? So what are the facts, and why do Bodybuilders use Tesamorelin?
    Tesamorelin and GHRH
    Tesamorelin is derived from GHRH and is based on all 44 amino acid sequences of GHRH, with modifications added at the n-terminal. Tesamorelin is a modified GHRH. This modification increases its plasma stability and reduces renal clearance, making it more stable. It also increases its membrane permeability, making its effect more effective; It also lengthens its cycle half-life.
    GHRH is a growth hormone-releasing hormone naturally produced by the human body that stimulates GH secretion by acting on GHRH receptors. GHRH is released as a pulse and stimulates GH pulse release. GH promotes liver secretion of IGF-1 and stimulates gluconeogenesis. GH is essential for maintaining muscle and bone mass and affects fat distribution in the body. Therefore, the effect of Tesamorelin on the human body is similar to that of GHRH, mainly through the action of GH and IGF-1.
    Tesamorelin and fat loss
    HIV patients after antiretroviral treatment, will affect the distribution of fat in the body, a large amount of fat is deposited in the abdomen, forming typical post-treatment symptoms.
    Clinical trials have shown a 10-20% reduction in abdominal fat in patients after 3-12 months of treatment, and it is well tolerated with no side effects associated with GH excess.
    Belly fat is often more difficult to get rid of than fat in other areas, and Tesamorelin helps to reduce belly fat in a targeted way.
    Why do Bodybuilders use Tesamorelin?
    Compared with the direct use of GH or IGF-1, the use of Tesamorelin acts on the front end of GH to stimulate the pulse release of GH, and does not produce the side effect of excess GH, which is relatively safer.
    Last Post by Astersteroids il 14 Nov. 2023
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  2. Does IGF-1 make you bigger?
    IGF-1 is an anabolic peptide commonly used by bodybuilders to increase metabolism, promote protein synthesis, and help bodybuilders gain muscle mass.

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    IGF-1
    By Astersteroids il 25 Oct. 2023
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    IGF-1 is an anabolic peptide commonly used by bodybuilders to increase metabolism, promote protein synthesis, and help bodybuilders gain muscle mass. So, obviously, IGF-1 makes you bigger. Not only that, IGF-1 has been shown to stimulate testosterone production in testicular interstitial cells and, together with testosterone, mediate some of the growth-promoting effects of androgens in androgen-reactive tissues. So, in addition to building muscle, IGF-1 really does make you bigger.
    Effects of testosterone and IGF-1 on anabolic reaction of foreskin fibroblasts
    In the experiment, the culture was exposed to increased concentrations of IGF-1, or to increased concentrations of testosterone in the presence and absence of IGF-1, and the protein synthesis response was measured.
    Protein synthesis increased dose-dependent as IGF-1 concentrations increased between 25 and 100ng/mL. Compared with the control, the maximum increase was 34+/-3%, P< 0.001.
    In contrast, testosterone concentrations increased between 1 and 1000nm, and in the absence of IGF-1, the results did not change.
    However, if 50ng/ml of IGF-1 is also present, the response to testosterone is easily detected, and the increased testosterone concentration stimulates protein synthesis, 25-57% higher than the value obtained with testosterone alone.
    Results obtained with 10-1000nm testosterone concentration plus IGF-1 were compared with values obtained with 1nm testosterone concentration plus IGF-1, and these concentrations caused more significant increases, P< 0.05.
    Illustrated position
    The figure on the left above shows the protein synthesis response of the hypertrophic organism to IGF-1+ testosterone. With increasing IGF-1 concentration, protein synthesis increased in a dose-dependent manner. The figure on the right above shows the protein synthesis reaction with increasing testosterone concentration in the presence (•) or absence of (○) IGF-I (50 ng/mL).
    This study clearly shows that there is an interaction between testosterone and IGF-1 that stimulates total protein synthesis in fibroblasts. If IGF-1 is not added, even if the testosterone concentration is increased to 1000nm, there is no effect on the protein synthesis response of these cells. If IGF-1 is added, even if the testosterone concentration is as low as 10nm, it will stimulate protein synthesis.
    At the same time, the synergistic effect of testosterone and IGF-1 can also be seen by comparing the left and right figures in the accompanying figure: testosterone enhances the maximum effect that IGF-1 can obtain.
    Therefore, in addition to increasing muscle, the anabolic effects of IGF-1 also help to improve the effect of testosterone, especially in androgenic tissues.
    Last Post by Astersteroids il 25 Oct. 2023
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  3. Understand the benefits of IGF-1 from its medical value
    The main purpose of IGF-1 used by Bodybuilders is to enhance anabolic action to build muscle, and in fact, IGF-1 has proven medical value for the treatment of a variety of diseases. We can also know I

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    IGF-1
    By Astersteroids il 23 Oct. 2023
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    Description of IGF-1
    IGF-1, short for insulin-like growth factor 1, is very similar in molecular structure to insulin, is produced primarily in the liver, and has anabolic effects in adults.
    In addition to acting as IGF-1, IGF-1 supplementation stimulates endogenous IGF-1 production in the corresponding tissues. IGF-1 has a growth-promoting effect on almost every cell, especially skeletal muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, kidney, nerve, skin, etc. It promotes cell enlargement and division, inhibits apoptosis and increases cellular protein synthesis, coordinating the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
    Treatment of primary IGF-1 deficiency with IGF-1
    The FDA approved the use of rhIGF-1(also known as Mecasermin) for the treatment of severe primary IGF-1 deficiency in 2023. At the same time, the FDA approved the use of an equal molar combination of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 (also known as Mecasermin Rinfabate) for the treatment of IGF-1 deficiency. Because IGFBP-3 also carries IGF-1, the carrier IGFBP-3 is saturated with IGF-1 when IGF-1 is administered alone, and IGF-2 can be bypassed to bind to IGF-1 when an equimolar combination of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 is used. Both of these combined modes can be used to treat growth disorders.
    IGF-1 is used to treat muscle injuries
    The patented drug PEG-IGF-1 is an analogue of IGF-1, which provides effective protection against muscle damage caused by targeted acute contractions. It is also used to treat and prevent neuromuscular disorders, especially amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    IGF-1 for burns
    In Phase II trials of IGF-1, the efficacy of IGF-1 in the treatment of severe burns in children was demonstrated and positive results were achieved at doses of 1-4mg/kg/day.
    IGF-1 is used to treat osteopenia and osteoporosis
    IGF-1 has been tested in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis associated with anorexia nervosa and severe fractures at doses ranging from 30 µg to 1 mg/kg/ day for 2-9 months with positive results.
    IGF-1 is a hormone that exists in almost all human tissues. It is mainly produced by GH stimulation, and it is also an autocrine hormone. In addition, supplementing exogenous IGF-1 can also stimulate the secretion of IGF-1 in body tissues.
    Last Post by Astersteroids il 23 Oct. 2023
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  4. How does IGF-1 promote anabolic effects in bodybuilding
    IGF-1, stimulated by GH, is synthesized and secreted in the liver, and is also produced in target tissues in both autocrine and paracrine modes. How does IGF-1 play its anabolic role?

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    IGF-1
    By Astersteroids il 20 Oct. 2023
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    IGF-1, stimulated by GH, is synthesized and secreted in the liver, and is also produced in target tissues in both autocrine and paracrine modes. How does IGF-1 play its anabolic role?
    IGF-1 works by binding to the IGF-1 receptor, and before binding to the IGF-1 receptor, IGF-1 is transported to various parts of the body via IGF-binding proteins. Before we can understand how IGF-1 plays an anabolic role, we need to understand the IGF-1 receptor and IGF-binding proteins.
    What is the IGF-1 receptor?
    The IGF-1 receptor is a protein that exists on the surface of human cells and is activated by the IGF-1 hormone, thereby exerting anabolic effects.
    IGF-1, which stands for insulin-like growth factor 1, has a similar molecular structure to insulin and therefore also binds to insulin receptors. However, its binding affinity with IGF-1 receptor is much higher than that with insulin receptor, so IGF-1 mainly binds to IGF-1 receptor and produces corresponding effects.
    What are IGF-binding proteins?
    Igf-binding protein is also known as IGFBP. IGF-1 has been shown to bind and interact with all seven IGFBPs (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, IGFBP6, IGFBP7). In the human body, 99% of IGFs bind to a series of binding proteins and are then carried to various parts of the body to bind to IGF-1 receptors at various sites, thereby exerting their anabolic effects.
    The availability of IGF-1 is regulated by IGFBP, and by binding to IGFBP, the half-life of IGF-1 can be extended from a few minutes to a few hours to function. Different IGFBPs can also guide IGF-1 to different tissues and bind to specific IGF-1 receptors, thereby exerting corresponding effects.
    Anabolic effects of IGF-1
    Almost all IGF-1 binding to IGFBP is transported to various parts of the body, binds to the corresponding IGF-1 receptors and plays anabolic roles, contributing to tissue growth and development, proliferation, lipid metabolism, pro-survival, anti-aging, anti-aging and anti-oxidation, and nerve and liver protection. The antioxidant effects of IGF-1 protect mitochondria from oxidative damage and increase ATP synthesis, providing the body with energy and motivation for exercise.
    Last Post by Astersteroids il 20 Oct. 2023
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  5. The difference between IGF-1 and GH, which one is better?
    GH, as a growth hormone, is the most well-known anabolic hormone. Mention GH, you must mention IGF-1, because GH is secreted in the body in the form of a pulse,

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    IGF-1 and GH
    By Astersteroids il 16 Oct. 2023
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    GH, as a growth hormone, is the most well-known anabolic hormone. Mention GH, you must mention IGF-1, because GH is secreted in the body in the form of a pulse, so if you want to determine whether the level of growth hormone in a person's body is enough, it is necessary to determine the level of IGF-1. IGF-1 is mainly produced by secretory stimulation of GH, therefore, GH acts through IGF-1, and some GH also acts alone. Similarly, IGF-1 mediates the action of GH while having an independent effect independent of GH. The two work synergistically and separately.
    With GH and without iGF-1
    In a new form of dwarfism, patients have high serum GH values, but they are unable to produce IGF-1. Studies have shown that their GH receptor genes are missing or mutated, resulting in an inability to produce IGF-1 and reduced synthesis of several other IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP). In these patients, who were slightly shorter from birth than the healthy babies, bone maturation and organ growth were delayed throughout the single year. At the same time, the deficiency of IGF-1 can also lead to poor muscle development and weakness.
    By knocking out the IGF-1 gene or GH receptor, it was confirmed in mice that growth and bone development were impaired, body size was reduced, and growth rate decreased when IGF-1 was lacking.
    After treatment with IGF-1, the mean growth rate of patients increased from 3-4.7cm/year to 8.2-9.1cm/year.
    Synergistic effect of IGF-1 and GH
    GH stimulates bone growth by stimulating the liver to produce IGF-1, and IGF1 in turn promotes longitudinal bone growth in an endocrine manner.
    IGF mediates most of the effects of GH on bone metabolism, promoting cartilage formation and increasing bone formation by regulating the function of differentiated osteoblasts.
    Last Post by Astersteroids il 16 Oct. 2023
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  6. Know Effects and benefits of peptides IGF-1
    Through the medical value of IGF-1, we know that the role of IGF-1 includes promoting growth and development, inhibiting muscle atrophy, promoting muscle growth, and benefiting bone health.

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    IGF-1
    By Astersteroids il 13 Oct. 2023
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    Through the medical value of IGF-1, we know that the role of IGF-1 includes promoting growth and development, inhibiting muscle atrophy, promoting muscle growth, and benefiting bone health. In addition to these effects, IGF-1 also has anti-aging, anti-oxidation, enhanced immunity, improved learning ability, and regulated lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism.
    IGF-1 and lipid metabolism
    A study of eight GH-deficient subjects showed that IGF-1 administration increased lipid oxidation, energy expenditure, and insulin resistance. This effect is thought to be due to IGF-1 inhibiting insulin secretion, which leads to enhanced lipidolysis in adipose tissue and promotes muscle utilization of free fatty acids.
    Although mature fat cells are not the target of IGF-1, high concentrations of IGF-1 promote the secretion of IGF-1 by fat cells, and IGF-1 is involved in lipid metabolism through its interaction with insulin receptors.
    IGF-1 and carbohydrate metabolism
    IGF-1 has a direct effect on muscle glucose uptake, and a large number of IGF-1 receptors are present in skeletal muscle.
    IGF-1 promotes peripheral tissue glucose uptake by 4%-7% more than insulin.
    Anti-inflammatory effects of IGF-1
    The fat tissue of obese people produces pro-inflammatory cytokines that interfere with normal nutritional signaling, leading to metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory effects of IGF-1 may protect tissues in chronic diseases such as obesity from the harmful effects of pro-inflammatory factors.
    IGF-1 anti-aging
    Long filling of telomeres in DNA has been shown to be an important factor in longevity, and levels of IGF-1 are associated with longer telomere length in healthy subjects of all ages and in older men.
    Antioxidant
    IGF-1 increases glutathione peroxidase, an important antioxidant enzyme that protects cells by preventing cell death and increasing antioxidant status. It produces antioxidant effects that protect mitochondria from oxidative damage and increase ATP synthesis, providing the body with energy and motivation for movement.
    Bone mineral density
    IGF-1 is a direct promoter of bone growth. In older women, higher levels of IGF-1 are associated with higher bone mineral density. The anabolic effects of IGF-1 also promote bone density, and more muscle mass requires greater bone strength to support it.
    Neuroprotective effect of IGF-1
    Circulating IGF-1 has important vascular protective properties. Since cerebrovascular changes have a clear role in cognitive decline, reduced IGF-1 levels in aging populations may lead to vascular complications that lead to cognitive dysfunction.
    Last Post by Astersteroids il 13 Oct. 2023
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  7. Understanding Testosterone Prescription Limitations and Exploring Alternatives in Testosterone Replacement Therapy
    Testosterone is a hormone that plays a key role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissue and secondary sexual characteristics.

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    Testosterone is a hormone that plays a key role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissue and secondary sexual characteristics. It also has important effects on a variety of biological functions, including muscle mass, bone density, red blood cell production, and mood regulation. Testosterone levels naturally decline with age and can also be affected by diseases and impairment of certain organ functions, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and health problems.
     The role of testosterone prescription.
    Testosterone is prescribed primarily for the treatment of hypogonadism and as a hormone therapy for sex transition.
    Hypogonadism is mainly due to a person's physical condition or advancing age, in which case a doctor may begin testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). This treatment helps relieve symptoms associated with low testosterone.
    For individuals receiving sex-confirming hormone therapy, testosterone is used to induce physiological changes in masculinization. This is a fairly small group, and TRT is usually the only way most people get testosterone prescriptions.
    However, the conditions for issuing TRTS are becoming stricter. In 2015, the FDA redefined the indications for TRT products, stating that testosterone replacement therapy products should be avoided in patients with testosterone deficiency who do not have related diseases or have testosterone deficiency due to aging. This change prevents patients with testosterone deficiency due to aging from getting testosterone replacement treatment products from their doctors.
    Testosterone dispute
    Because of the FDA review, there is data showing that TRT can increase cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the use of TRT should be cautious. Additional data showed that the probability of cardiovascular risk was similar between TRT and placebo. The increased cardiovascular risk associated with TRT may be related to the use of high doses.
    Those who disagree also have experimental data showing that low testosterone levels can lead to death and coronary artery disease, and that testosterone supplementation can reduce mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke rates.
    Today, testosterone prescribing practices vary from place to place, and you may come across places that are particularly strict, while others are relatively liberal. Subject to various restrictions, normal bodybuilder basically can not get testosterone from the hospital, so many people will get testosterone through various channels.
    In addition to testosterone and testosterone esters, many testosterone derivatives perform similar or even better effects than testosterone. Including Nandrolone, DECA, Masteron, etc., in addition to injection use, there are oral products including anavar, dianabol, etc.
    In fact, t...

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    Last Post by Astersteroids il 10 Oct. 2023
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  8. The latest 2023 Testosterone TRAVERSE study: testosterone does not increase the occurrence of major cardiovascular events
    FDA requires to assess whether testosterone with an increasing risk of cardiovascular events, that's how TRAVERSE study came to be.

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    Many years have passed since testosterone was discovered and prescribed, but like all drugs, there are indications and possible side effects. The FDA states that there may be cardiovascular-related side effects from testosterone use and requires manufacturers of testosterone therapies to conduct clinical trials to assess whether they are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. That's how the five-year TRAVERSE study of 5,076 participants came to be.
    What is TRAVERSE study?
    5,246 patients were randomized, of which 5,204 were included in the full analysis population. Of the 5,204 patients, 2,601 were randomized to receive testosterone and 2,603 were randomized to receive placebo. The overall population included 2847 patients with cardiovascular disease and 2357 patients with higher cardiovascular risk. They all reported hypogonadism and fasting testosterone levels below 300ng/dL on two occasions.
    The dose is adjusted to maintain testosterone levels between 350 and 750ng/dL.
    Mean duration of treatment: 21, 7+/-14.1 months
    The mean follow-up time was 33.0+/-12.1 months
    TRAVERSE study results
    A major cardiovascular end point event occurred in 182 patients (7%) in the testosterone group and 190 patients (7.3%) in the placebo group.
    The incidence of secondary endpoint events or composite primary cardiovascular endpoint events appeared to be similar in both groups. Higher rates of atrial fibrillation, acute kidney injury, and pulmonary embolism were observed in the testosterone group.
    Atrial fibrillation: 3.5% in the testosterone group and 2.4% in the placebo group
    Acute kidney injury: 2.3% in the testosterone group and 1.5% in the placebo group
    Pulmonary embolism: 3.5% in the testosterone and 2.4% in the placebo group
    What does the TRAVERSE study say?
    TRAVERSE is the largest and longest-running testosterone study ever conducted. With its large sample size and duration of treatment, in addition to verifying cardiovascular problems, it also has many aspects to evaluate the improvement of sexual function, depressive symptoms, anemia and other symptoms, and the impact of testosterone on the prostate.
    The TRAVERSE study showed no greater effect on major cardiovascular events than the placebo group. For these men with low testosterone levels, testosterone is safe from a cardiovascular standpoint alone. However, this does not mean that testosterone is completely free of side effects. Before using testosterone, adjust the dosage in time according to the doctor's guidance, and pay attention to its impact on the body.
    Last Post by Astersteroids il 9 Oct. 2023
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  9. Safeguarding Health: Precautions for Testosterone and AAS Injections
    Testosterone can be administered in a variety of ways, but the main way it is administered is by injection. Other AAS are mainly used by injection, but there are some that can be used orally.

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    Testosterone can be administered in a variety of ways, but the main way it is administered is by injection. Other AAS are mainly used by injection, but there are some that can be used orally.
    Common injection sites are the buttocks, thighs, or upper arms. Users should use a new needle for each injection and disinfect the injection site prior to injection. Some users may experience pain at the injection site, which is usually temporary and goes away within a day or two. If needed, apply a cold compress to the injection site. It is best to choose a different site for injection each time, so as not to form scar tissue or cause excessive local hormones.
    Steroid testosterone injection is in the muscle and should be avoided when injected into blood vessels. Suction before injection is important to confirm whether the needle is inserted into the blood vessel. Suction is the plunger that pulls the syringe back after the needle is inserted into the muscle. If blood is found in the syringe at this time, it means that you have hit a blood vessel and need to change the injection site.
    If testosterone or AAS is injected into the bloodstream, it can cause a number of problems. The most serious problem is the increased risk of heart attack or stroke. This is because injected testosterone or AAS liquid can thicken the blood and cause arteries to block.
    Only when testosterone or AAS is injected into the muscle can it be guaranteed to bind to the receptors in the muscle and promote muscle growth. If testosterone or AAS is injected into subcutaneous fat, it is absorbed more slowly by the body, affecting the effectiveness of use.
    Injecting testosterone into the wrong place can also have serious health consequences, because testosterone affects brain chemistry.
    In general, inject AAS such as testosterone with less care and make sure the hormone is injected into the muscle tissue.
    AAS, such as testosterone for injection, are basically stored in oil-based carriers and released slowly into muscles to play their role. Appropriate needle sizes are needed, as these oily, high-viscosity preparations can be difficult to extract from small bottles. The No. 23 1-inch and No. 25 1-inch needles are standard for oil-based AAS such as testosterone. The smaller size of the needle helps reduce the likelihood of tissue scarring from long-term injections. A needle larger than 25 size can be used, but it may take longer to extract and inject an oil-based solution.


    Testosterone plays a key role in male development through its anabolic and androgenic effects. Anabolic effects include increases in muscle mass, strength, bone density, and bone maturation. Androgen effects include the maturation of sexual organs, maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics, including a deep voice, and the growth of beards and body hair. The most ...

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    Last Post by Astersteroids il 8 Oct. 2023
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  10. The relationship between two IGF-1 analogs, IGF-1 LR3 and des(1-3)IGF-1
    IGF-1 is a naturally occurring anabolic hormone, and growth hormone (HGH) also acts through IGF-1. The two commonly used hormones associated with IGF-1 are IGF-1 LR3 and des(1-3)IGF-1,

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    IGF-1
    By Astersteroids il 7 Oct. 2023
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    IGF-1 is a naturally occurring anabolic hormone, and growth hormone (HGH) also acts through IGF-1. The two commonly used hormones associated with IGF-1 are IGF-1 LR3 and des(1-3)IGF-1, and to understand the relationship between these three, we also need to understand another hormone associated with IGF-1, IGFBP.
    IGF-1
    IGF-1, short for insulin-like growth factor 1, also known as growth regulator C, is a hormone with a molecular structure similar to insulin.
    IGF-1 is a protein encoded by the IGF1 gene in humans. IGF-1 consists of 70 amino acids on a single chain. It is produced primarily by the liver as an endocrine hormone and is produced in target tissues in a paracrine/autocrine manner.
    IGF-1 has been shown to bind and interact with all seven IGF-1 binding proteins (IGFBP) : IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, IGFBP6, and IGFBP7.
    Here comes IGFBP, which has a high binding affinity with IGF-1 and IGF-2, which prevents IGF-1 from binding to the IGF-1 receptor and functioning. IGFBP is naturally occurring in the body and greatly affects the potency of GIF-1. This is about one of the main reasons for the emergence of IGF-1 LR3 and des(1-3)IGF-1.
    IGF-1 LR3
    Also known as long arginine 3-IGF-1 or LR3-IGF-1. Is a synthetic protein due to the lengthening analogue of IGF-1.
    Elimination half-life: 56-72 hours
    Cas:143045-27-6
    MF:C400H625N111O115S9
    MW: 9117.60
    It differs from natural IGF-1 in that it has arginine instead of glutamate in the third position of its amino acid sequence, and also has an additional 13 amino acids in the amino acid sequence. N-terminal, a total of 83 amino acids (IGF-1 is 70). The result of these modifications is that IGF-1 LR3 retains the pharmacological activity of IGF-1 as an IGF-1 receptor hormone agent, has a very low affinity for insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP), and improves metabolic stability.
    As a result, IGF-1 LR3 is about three times more potent than IGF-1 and has a significantly longer half-life of about 20-30 hours (IGF-1 has a half-life of about 12-15 hours).
    DES(1-3)IGF-1
    It is a naturally occurring endogenous protein and a truncated analogue of drugs and IGF-1. Des(1-3)IGF-1 lacks the first 3 amino acids of the IGF-1N terminal (67 amino acids in total, compared to 70 amino acids of IGF-1). Because of this difference, it greatly reduces binding to IGFBP and increases potency (in vivo about 10 to IGF-1).
    Cas:112603-35-7
    MF:C319H501N91O96S7
    MW: 7371.48
    As can be seen from IGF-1 LR3 and des(1-3)IGF-1, both were developed primarily to reduce their binding to IGFBP and thus increase their potency. So we often see the sale of IGF-1 LR3 and des(1-3)IGF-1 peptides, but we rarely see direct IGF-1.
    Last Post by Astersteroids il 7 Oct. 2023
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